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Description: Language-based discrimination refers to the unfair treatment of individuals based on the language they speak. In India, a country with over 120 major languages and 22 scheduled ones, linguistic diversity is both a strength and a challenge. Unfortunately, this diversity sometimes leads to biases, exclusion, or even hostility against speakers of non-dominant or regional languages. Affected Groups: Non-Hindi speakers in North India (e.g., Tamils, Malayalis, Bengalis, Assamese) Hindi speakers in South India (e.g., migrants from Uttar Pradesh or Bihar in Tamil Nadu or Karnataka) Tribal language speakers (e.g., Santhali, Bhili, Gondi communities) Minority language speakers (e.g., Urdu, Konkani, or Kashmiri speakers) I. The Nature of Language-Based Discrimination Language is closely tied to identity. In India, people often associate language with culture, pride, and regional belonging. But when linguistic differences become a basis for discrimination, it leads to exclusion in edu...